姓名

   柯文雄  (殁)

學歷

1962年 國立台灣大學學士

1966年 美國密西根州立大學哲學博士

經歷

1966-1969 密西根州立大學博士後研究員

1969-2005 夏威夷大學助理教授、副教授、教授

2005-迄今 夏威夷大學榮譽教授

2005-迄今 國立屏東科技大學講座教授

2005-迄今 國科會榮譽教授

2005-迄今 國立中興大學榮譽教授

現職

國立屏東科技大學 植物醫學系 講座教授（2005.8~迄今）

夏威夷大學榮譽教授

國科會榮譽教授

國立中興大學榮譽教授

專長

植物病理學、食用油防治白粉病、柑桔立枯病、茶枝枯病接種源、篩選抗香蕉黃葉病的優品種、蘭花雜草問題。

個人網頁

https://www.pp.nchu.edu.tw/Ex6/4-1-1/%E6%9F%AF%E6%96%87%E9%9B%84.htm

 

曾獲得之

學術榮譽

1.應Plant Disease 主編的邀請，與張東柱主任及安寶貞組長一起發表一篇

Feature Article。把這幾年來，我們對在台灣所發生的果樹及觀賞樹的褐根病

的研究成果，介紹給國際植病界。(Plant Disease 86:820-826, 2002)

2.發現用食用油來防治白粉病的方法。白粉病菌能為害許多作物，為世界性的

病害，也是防治上使用最多農藥的病害。我們發現把用10% Tween 80 或無患

子露乳化過的葵花油，稀釋200 倍後，噴在作物葉上，可以非常有效的防治

白粉病，用掃描式電顯觀察，乳化過的葵花油，噴在葉面上，會形成一薄膜，

白粉病菌胞子在膜上不會發芽，而在膜下的白粉菌絲也會分解掉。這種防治

法不但便宜，而且對人畜無害，也不會造成環境污染。(J. Phytopathology

151:144-148, 2003)

3.發現台灣柑桔砧木的根，原本對疫病菌都有抗性，為何根部受此菌的為害會

那麼嚴重。試驗證明台灣柑桔普遍受立枯病(greening)細菌的感染，而這種細

菌的感染，會使砧木根部對疫病菌的抗性會大大的減弱。以前沒有人報告過，

不易培養的細菌(fastidious bacteria)會促使根部病害更嚴重。我們也發現柑桔

根受疫病菌感染，也會促使立枯病變成更嚴重。(Europ. J. Plant Pathol. 110:1-6,

2003)

4.發現蕨類植物的孢子，雖然大小同真菌孢子一樣，卻不受土壤靜菌作用(soil

microbiostasis)的影響。只要有光及水份，蕨類孢子就能在土壤裡自由發芽，

而真菌、放線菌及細菌的孢子都不能在土壤裡面發芽。這是以前未被發現過

的現象。(Am. Fern J. 93:70-75, 2003)

5.在台灣的四季自然保護森林的土裡，分離到一種以前未被發現過的腐霉菌

(Pythium)。其特點是以菌絲為游走子囊，且卵孢子特別的小。我們把它命為

Pythium sukuiense。因為是在保護林的土裡發現，可能是台灣本土特有的種。

(Mycologia 96:647-649, 2003)

6.發現茶枝枯病在自然界的接種源。在台灣，由Macrophoma theicola 所引起的

枝枯病，是茶葉最重要的病害，但在自然界一直找不到此病原菌的來源。最

近在許多茶園發現，得枝枯病的死枝條上，有下陷的長斑(canker)，病斑內有

小黑點，把這部位剪下，放在低溫潮濕的環境，黑點就會擠出與M. theicola

完全一樣的孢子，把所分離的菌接到健康茶枝，可形成枝枯，也可以產生下

陷長斑。由此可知枝枯病的接種源是死枝條上的分生孢子囊，所以要減輕枝

枯病的發生，就必須去除死枝條。(J. Phytopathology 152:423-426, 2004)

7.應Plant Disease 主編的邀請，與黃新川所長一起發表一篇Feature Article。把

這幾年來，我們在台灣，應用香蕉組織培養所引起的變異(somaclonal

variation)，成功篩選出抗香蕉黃葉病的優品種的經過，以及抗病品種推廣給

農民，並把所生產的香蕉，成功外銷到日本的過程，介紹給國際植病界。(Plant


Disease 88:580-588, 2004)

8.解決蘭花雜草問題。夏威夷種蘭花最嚴重的問題是蕨類雜草，每盆蘭花從幼

苗到開花，工人要拔好多次的草，增加很大的成本。經實地觀察與試驗，我

們發現農民因為引屋頂的雨水到蓄水池，而把蕨類孢子洗下，再用池裡的水

來灌溉時，就把孢子散播到花盆內。了解來源後將池內水過濾後再用來灌溉，

蕨類雜草的問題就解決了。(Crop Protect. 24:487-490, 2005)

9.發展一新的防治福壽螺的方法。福壽螺對水稻幼苗的為害，在亞洲國家包括

台灣，都是很嚴重及棘手的問題。殺螺的農藥對魚及其他生物毒性也很大。

我們發現一種蘋果腊的溶劑，可以完全抑制福壽螺卵的孵化，因而可以有效

的防治福壽螺。福壽螺的紅色卵塊都在水面上，所以處理容易，這種溶劑對

動物無毒，用量少，也不會造成污染。現正在台灣，日本及韓國申請專利。

(Crop Protect. 24:483-486, 2005)

10.發展一可簡易測知土壤裡那些微生物能產生脂肪.。把乳化過的葵花油，與

固體培基混合，將土壤懸浮液放在其上，長出的微生物菌落周圍有透明圈的，

就表示能產生脂肪.，透明圈的大小也表示產生脂肪.能力的大小。(Soil Biol.

Biochem. 37:597-599, 2005)

11.牛樟芝的子實體為很貴重的藥材，因產生子實體不易，因此有人以菌絲體發

酵液來代替，但有效成分含量不高，有待改進，但因菌株少，無法篩選。我

們因此研發出，可使菌株產生變異的方法。把牛樟芝的細胞核轉殖到不同株

系的原生質體，再生的菌株所形成的菌落，與父母本菌落在型態及生理方面

有很大的差異，可供將來篩選能產生大量有效成份的菌株。(Bot. Bull. Acad.

Sinica 46:217-222, 2005)

12.證明疫病菌(Phytophthora)的配對型(Mating type)是由粒線體基因所控制。一

般都認為疫病菌的配對型是由細胞核基因所控制。我們將A1 的粒線體轉殖

到A2 的原生質體，再生的菌落有的是A1，有的是A2，因此證明疫病菌的

配對型是由粒線體基因，而不是細胞核基因所控制。(Can. J. Microbiol.

51:934-940, 2005)

13.提供證據證明Phytophthora heveae 是由Phytophthora katsurae 演化而來。這

兩種疫病菌的唯一差別在於P. katsurae 的卵孢子囊(oogonia)有突起，P. heveae

則無。我們在台灣的保護林分離到15 株P. katsurae，這些菌株每個oogonium

的突起數由2 至23，而從夏威夷所得的6 株P. katsurae，每個oogonium 的突

起數由0 至6，其中一株有85%的oogonia 均無突起，就像P. heveae。此兩種

菌之ITS 序列的相似高達98.8%，由此證明P. heveae 可能是由P. katsurae，

漸漸失去oogonia 的突起所演化而成。(Bot. Stud. 47:273-277, 2006)

14.由85 種中藥草中發現，有21%中草藥的水萃取液，會使月桔白粉病菌孢子發

芽率，由對照的86%降到低於30%，其中的大黃及虎杖的萃取液稀釋4000

倍還可抑制孢子的發芽，此二種萃取液，稀釋1000 倍能夠很有效的防治胡

瓜。南瓜及茄子的白粉病。其效果比農民用的殺菌劑還要有效。大黃的有效


成份可溶於極性大的溶劑，比較不溶於無極性的溶劑，其分子量大於14,000，

且分子帶有負電。(Plant Dis. 90:858-861, 2006)。上年度國科會計畫補助所完

成。

15.從70 種中藥草中發現，有10%的中草藥的水萃取液，可使十字花科黑斑病菌

的孢子發芽率，由對照組的96%降到低於15%，其中五倍子、黃蓮、何首烏、

黃芩及黃柏的萃取液，稀釋400 倍，還可完全抑制孢子的發芽。五倍子的萃

取液，稀釋1000 倍可完全抑制另外六種不同病原菌的孢子發芽。其400 倍稀

釋液，可防治火鶴花的花腐病。五倍子的有效成份，可溶於極性溶劑，但不

溶於非極性溶劑，其分子量介於500 至1000 之間。(Can. J. Plant Pathol.

28:519-525, 2006)上年度國科會計畫補助所完成。

16.從65種藥用植物中發現，有40%藥用植物的萃取汁，對十字花科黑斑病菌孢

子發芽有很強的抑制作用。其中扛板歸的汁液稀釋500倍可使白菜黑斑病由

對照的100%降到13%。扛板歸的有效成份有二個，一個帶有正電另一個不帶

電。其分子量均介於500至1000之間。(已被Plant Dis.接受發表)上年度國科會

補助所完成。

通訊錄

地址

屏東縣內埔鄉學府路1號

電話

(08) 7703202

傳真

 

E-Mail

kowh@dragon.nchu.edu.tw

 

 

期 刊 論 文

1. Ko, W. H., and J. L. Lockwood. 1967. Soil fungistasis: relation to fungal spore nutrition. Phytopathology 57: 894-901.

2. Ko, W. H., and J. L. Lockwood. 1968. Accumulation and concentration of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides by microorganisms. Can. J. Microbiol. 14:1075-1078.

3. Ko, W. H., and J. L. Lockwood. 1968. Conversion of DDT and DDD in soil and the effect of these compounds on soil microorganisms. Can. J. Microbiol. 14:1069-1073. 4. Ko, W. H. 1968. Evaluation of two suggested factors determining the speificity of PCNB. Phytopathology 58:1715-1716.

5. Ko, W. H., and J. D. Farley. 1969. Conversion of PCNB to PCA on soil and the effect of these compounds on soil microorganisms. Phytopathology 59:64-67.

6. Ko, W. H., and J. L. Lockwood. 1970. Mechanism of lysis of fungal mycelia in soil. Phytopathology 60:148-154.

7. Ko, W. H., and J. L. Lockwood. 1970. Transfer of 32P and dieldrin among selected microorganisms in soil. Rev. Ecol. Biol. Sol. 7:465-470.

8. Ko, W. H., and F. K. Hora. 1970. Production of Phospholipases by soil microorganisms. Soil Sci. 110:355-358.

9. Ko, W. H. 1971. Direct observation of fungal activities on soil. Phytopathology 61:437-438.

10. Ko, W. H., and F. K. Hora. 1971. A selective medium for the quantitative determination of Rhizoctonia solani in soil. Phytopathology 61:707-701.

11. Ko, W. H. 1971. Biological control of seedling root rot of papaya caused by Phytophthora palmivora. Phytopathology 61:780-782.

12. Ko, W. H., and F. K. Hora. 1971. Fungitoxicity in certain Hawaiian soils. Soil Sci. 112:276-282.

13. Ko, W. H., and F. K. Hora. 1972. The nature of a volatile inhibitor from certain alkaline soils. Phytopathology 62:573-575.

14. Ko, W. H., and F. K. Hora. 1972. Identification of an Al ion as a soil fungitoxin. Soil Sci. 133:42-45.

15. Ko, W. H., and M. K. Oda. 1972. The nature of control of Rhizoctonia solani by pentachloronitrobenzene in soil. Phytopathology 62:385-387.

16. Kliejunas, J. T., and W. H. Ko. 1973. Root rot of ohia (Metrosideros collina subsp. polymorpha) caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Plant Dis. Rep. 57:383-384.

17. Kadooka, J. Y., and W. H. Ko. 1973. Production of chlamydospores by Phytophthora palmivora in culture media. Phytopathology 62:559-562.

18. Ko, W. H., L. L. Chase, and R. K. Kunimoto. 1973. A microsyringe method for determining concentration of fungal propagules. Phytopathology 63:1206-1207.

19. Ko, W. H., and L. L. Chase. 1973. Aggregation of zoospores of Phytophthora palmivora. J. Gen. Microbiol. 78:79-82.

20. Ko, W. H., J. E. Hunter, and R. K. Kunimoto. 1973. Rhizoctonia disease of Queensland maple seedlings. Plant Dis. Rep. 57:907-909.

21. Kratky, B. A., and W. H. Ko. 1974. A virgin-soil technique for controlling bacterial wilt of greenhouse-grown tomatoes. Plant Dis. Rep. 58:86-87.

22. Ko, W. H., and M. J. Chan. 1974. Aggregation of Phytophthora capsici zoospores and their interaction with zoospores of P. palmivora. J. Gen. Microbiol. 80:549-551.

23. Hunter, J. E., W. H. Ko, R. K. Kunimoto, and T. Higaki. 1974. A foliar disease of Anthurium seedlings caused by Aphelenchoides fragarias. Phytopathology 64:267-268.

24. Kliejunas, J. T., and W. H. Ko. 1974. Effect of motility of Phytophthora palmivora zoospores on disease severity in papaya seedlings and substrate colonization in soil. Phytopathology 64:426-428.

25. Hora, F. K., and W. H. Ko. 1974. Effect of forestation on soil fungitoxicity. Soil Sci. 117:232-235.

26. Kliejunas, J. T., and W. H. Ko. 1974. Deficiency of inorganic nutrients as a contributing factor to ohia decline. Phytopathology 64:891-896.

27. Ko, W. H., and F. K. Hora. 1974. Factors affecting the activity of a volatile fungistatic substance in certain alkaline soils. Phytopathology 64:1042-1043.

28. Ko, W. H., and M. J. Chan. 1974. Infection and colonization potential of sporangia, zoospores, and chlamydospores of Phytophthora palmivora in soil. Phytopathology 64:1307-1309.

29. Ko, W. H., F. K. Hora, and E. Herlicska. 1974. Isolation and identification of a volatile fungistatic substance from alkaline soil. Phytopathology 64:1398-1400. 30. Hwang, S. C., and W. H. Ko. 1974. Germination of Calonectria crotalariae conidia and ascospores on soil. Mycologia 66:1053-1055.

31. Wang, D. N., and W. H. Ko. 1975. Relationship between deformed-fruit disease of papaya and boron deficiency. Phytopathology 65:445-447.

32. Kliejunas, J. T., and W. H. Ko. 1975. A technique for direct observation of nematode trapping by fungi on soil. Mycologia 67:420-423.

33. Kliejunas, J. T., and W. H. Ko. 1975. Continuous versus limited growth of fungi. Mycologia 67:326-366.

34. Kliejunas, J. T., and W. H. Ko. 1975. The occurrence of Pythium vexans in Hawaii and its relation to ohia declins. Plant Dis. Rep. 59:392-395.

35. Ko, W. H., H. H. Lin and R. K. Kunimoto. 1975. A simple method for determining efficacy and weather ability of fungicide on the foliage. Phytopathology 65:1023-1025.

36. Ko, W. H., and F. K. Hora. 1975. Evaluation of the use of charcoal in the study of soil fungistasis. Phytopathology 65:1031-1032.

37. Hwang, S. C. and W. H. Ko. 1975. A medium for enumeration and isolation of Calonectria crotalariae from soil. Phytopathology 65:1036-1037.

38. Hwang, S. C., and W. H. Ko and M. Aragaki. 1975. A simplified method for sporangium production by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Mycologia 67:1233-1234.


39. Hwang, S. C., and W. H. Ko. 1976. Biology of conidia, ascospores, and microsclerotia of Calonectria rotalariae in soil. Phytopathology 66:51-54.

40. Kliejunas, J. T., and W. H. Ko. 1976. Association of Phytophthora cinnamomi with ohia decline on the island of Hawaii. Phytopathology 66:116-121.

41. Ko, W. H., And R. K. Kunimoto. 1976. Rootlet necrosis of macadamia caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Plant Dis. Rep. 60:510-512.

42. Kliejunas, J. T., and W. H. Ko. 1976. Dispersal of Phytophthora cinnamomi on the island of Hawaii. Phytopathology 66:457-460.

43. Ko, W. H., J. T. Kliejunas, and J. T. Shimooka. 1976. Effect of agar on inhibition of spore germination by chemicals. Phytopathology 66:363-366. 44. Kunimoto, R. K., M. Aragaki, J. E. Hunter and W. H. Ko. 1976. Phytophthora capsici,corrected name for the cause of Phytophthora blight of macadamia racemes. Phytopathology 66:546-548.

45. Kunimoto, R. K., P. J. Ito, and W. H. Ko. 1977. Mucor rot of guava fruits caused by Mucor hiemalis. Trop. Agric. 54:185-187.

46. Ko, W. |H., R. K. Kunimoto, and I. Maedo. 1977. Root decay caused by Kretzschmaria clavus: Its relation to macadamia decline. Phytopathology 67:18-21.

47. Ko, W. H., and F. K. Chow. 1977. Characteristics of bacteriostasis in natural soils. J. Gen. Microbiol. 102:295-298.

48. Ko, W. H., and F. K. Chow. 1978. Soil fungistasis: role of volatile inhibitors in two soils. J. Gen. Microbiol. 104:75-78

49. Hwang, S. C., and W. H. Ko. 1978. Quantitative studies of Phytophthora cinnamomi in decline and healthy ohia forests. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 70:312-315.

50. Ko, W. H., H. S. Chang, H. J. Su, C. C. Chen, and L. S, Leu. 1978. Peronophythoraceae, a new family of Peronosporales. Mycologia 70:380-384.

51. Hwang, S. C., and W. H. Ko. 1978. Biology of chlamydospores, sporangia, and zoospores of Phytophthora cinnamomi in soil. Phytopathology 68:726-731.


52. Ko, W. H., H. S. Chang and H. J. Su. 1978. Isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi from Taiwan as evidence for an Asian origin of the species. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 71:496-499.

53. Ko, W. H. 1978. Heterothallic Phytophthora: evidence for hormonal regulation of sexual reproduction. J. Gen. Microbiol. 107:15-18.

54. Sun, E. J., H. Su, and W. H. Ko. 1978. Identification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 from soil or host tissue by cultural characters. Phytopathology 68:1672-1673.

55. Su, H. J., W. H. Ko, T. Y. Chuang, M. T. Huang, and S. C. Hwang. 1978. Etiological studies on marginal scorch of banana, with special reference to air-polluted fluoride associated with the disease. Taiwan Banana Res. Inst. Special Pub. No. 21:1-21.

56. Ito, P. J., R. K. Kunimoto, and W. H. Ko. 1979. Transmission of Mucor rot of guava fruits by three species of fruit flies. Trop. Agric. 56:49-52.

57. Ko, W. H. 1979. Mating-type distribution of Phytophthora colocasiae on the island of Hawaii. Mycologia 71:434-437.

58. Ko, W. H. 1979. A method for production of perithecial stromata by xylariaceous fungi. Mycologia 71:441-443.

59. Ko, W. H., and H. S. Chang. 1979. Phytophthora katsurae, a new name for P. castaneae. Mycologia 71:840-844.

60. Chuang, T. Y., and W. H. Ko. 1979. Propagule size: its valre in the prediction of inoculum density and infection potential in soil. Pages 35-38 in: B. Schippers and W. Gams, eds. Soil-Borne Plant Pathogens. Academic Press, London.

61. Chuang, T. Y., and W. H. Ko. 1979. A Microliter syringe method for counting bacteria. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 45:507-508.

62. Kratky, B. A., and W. H. Ko. 1980. Transitory yellowing of Chinese cabbage.

HortScience 15:75.

63. Ann, P. J., and W. H. Ko. 1980. Oospore germination of Peronophythora litchii. Mycologia 72:611-641.


64. Ko, W. H. 1980 . Hormonal regulation of sexual reproduction in Phytophthora. J. Gen. Microbiol. 116:459-463.

65. Ho, W. C., and W. H. Ko. 1980. Agarose medium for bioassay of antimicrobial substances. Phytopathology 70:764-766.

66. Ko, W. H., and C, K. Arakawa. 1980. Oospore germination of Phytophthora katsurae. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 21:215-219.

67. Fujii, J. K., W. H. Ko and K. M. Kanegawa. 1980. Effect of organic amendment on longevity of Coptotermis formosanas in soil. Rev. Ecol. Biol. Sol. 17:353-357.

68. Ann, P. J., and W. H. Ko. 1980. Phytophthora insolita, a new species from Taiwan. Mycologia 72:1180-1185.

69. Ho, W. C., and W. H. Ko. 1980. A simple medium for selective isolation and enumeration of soil actinomycetes. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 46:634-638.

70. Ko, W. H., and R. K. Kunimoto. 1980. Guava fruit firm rot induced by bruising. HortScience 15:722-723.

71. Ko, W. H., 1980. Sexuality, evolution and origin of Phytophthora. Plant Prot. Bull. 22:141-151.

72. Kratky, B. A., W. J. Ko, R. T. Nakano, Y. N. Tamimi, J. E. Bowen and H. Y. Mishima. 1981. A new yellow disease of Chinese cabbage in Hawaii, Page 143-150, in Chinese cabbage. N. S. Talekar and T. D. Griggs, eds. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Tainan, Taiwan.

73. Ko, W. H., J. Y. Uchida, R. K. Kunimoto and M. Aragaki. 1981. Collar rot and leaf spot of leea caused by Calonectria crotalariae. Plant Dis. 65:621.

74. Yu, J. Y., H. S. Chang and W. H. Ko. 1981. Factors affecting the induction of sexual reproduction in Phytophthora parasitica by P. colocasiae. J. Gen. Microbiol. 123:249-252.

75. Chuang, T, Y., and W. H. Ko. 1981. Propagule size: its relation to population density of microorganisms in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem.13:185-190


76. Ko, W. H., and R. K. Kunimoto. 1981. Hormone production and reception among different isolates of Phytophthora parasitica and P. palmivora. Mycologia 73:440-444.

77. Chuang, T. Y., and W. H. Ko. 1981. Determination of size-number relationships among living microorganisms in soil by selective media. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 22:131-136.

78. Ko, W. H. 1981. Reversible change of mating type in Phytophthora parasitica. J. Gen. Microbiol. 125:451-454.

79. Ko, W. H., W. C. Ho and R. K. Kunimoto. 1982. Relation of Kretzschmaria clavus to hypoxyloid stromata on diseased macadamia tissues. Phytopathology 72:1357-58.

80. Ko, W. H. 1982. Biological control of Phytophthora root rot of papaya with virgin soil. Plant Dis. 66:446-448. (Feature Article).

81. Ko, W. H. 1982. Effects of nutritional factors on chemical and soil microbiostasis. HITAHR Research Series 12:1-55.

82. Ho, W. C., and W. H. Ko. 1982. Characteristics of soil microbiostasis. Soil Biol. Biochem. 14:589-593.

83. Ko, W. H., R. K. Kunimoto and W. T. Nishijima. 1982. Fruit rot of guava caused by Phytophthora citricola. Plant Dis. 66:854-855.

84. Ko, W. H., J. K. Fujii and K. M. Kanegawa. 1982. The nature of soil pernicious to Coptotermes formosanus. J. Invert. Pathol. 39:38-40.

85. Ko, W. H., and W. C. Ho. 1983. Screening soils for suppressiveness to Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium splendens. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 49:1-9.

86. Chuang, T. Y., and W. H. Ko. 1983. Propagule size: its relation to longevity and reproductive capacity. Soil Biol. Biochem. 15:269-274.

87. Kao, C. W., and W. H. Ko. 1983. Narure of suppression of Pythium splendens in a pasture soil in South Kohala, Hawaii. Phytopathology 73:1248-1289.

88. Ko, W. H., and W. C. Ho. 1983. Reassessment of apparent sterol requirement for sexual reproduction in Phytophthora. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 49:316-321.

89. Ko, W. H. 1983. Isolation and partial characterization of α hormones produced by Phytophthora parasitica. J. Gen. Microbiol. 129:1397-1401.

90. Ko,W. H. 1983. Suppressive soils in Hawaii. Plant Prot. Bull. 25:205-211. 91. Tsai, W. H., and W. H. Ko. 1983. A transitory cottony variant of Rhizoctonia solani from rice. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 49:467-470.

92. Huang, J. W., S. K. Sun, and W., H. Ko. 1983. A medium for chlamydospore formation in Fusarium. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 49:704-708. 93. Ann, P. J., and W. H. Ko. 1984. Blossom blight of litchi in Taiwan caused by Peronophythora litchii. Plant Dis. 68:826.

94. Kunimoto, R. K., and W. H. Ko. 1984. Brown rot of guava fruit in Hawaii caused by Botryosphaeria berengeriana. Plant Dis. 68:918 95. Chang, H. S., I. M. Shu, and W. H. Ko. 1984. Hormone production and reception among isolates of Phytophthora melonis from Taiwan. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 50:27-30.

96. Aragaki, W., W. J. Apt, R. K. Kunimoto, W. H. Ko, and J. Y. Uchida. 1984. Nature and control of anthurium decline. Plant Dis. 68:509-511.

97. Ko, W. H., and W. H. Ho. 1984. Soil microbiostasis. Pages 175-184, in Soilborne Crop Diseases in Asia, J. Bay- Peterson, ed. FFTC Book Series No. 26. 240 p.

98. Ho, W. C., and W. H. Ko. 1985. Soil mocrobiostasis: effects of environmental and edaphic factors. Soil Biol Biochem. 17:167-170.

99. Ko, W. H., and K. A. Nishijima. 1985. Nature of suppression of Phytophthora capsici in a Hawaiian soil. Phytopathology 75:683-685.

100. Kobayashi, N., and W. H. Ko. 1985. Nature of suppression of Rhizoctonia solani in Hawaiian soils. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 84:691-694.

101. Ko, W. H. 1985. Natural suppression of soilborne plant disease. Plant Prot. Bull. 27:171-178.


102. Ko, W. H., and P. J. Ann. 1985. Phytophthora humicola a new species from soil of the citrus orchard in Taiwan. Mycologia 77:631-636.

103. Kobayashi, N., and W. H. Ko. 1985. Pythium splendens-suppressive soils from different islands of Hawaii. Soil Biol. Biochem.17:889-891.

104. Ko, W. H. 1985. Stimulation of sexual reproduction in Phytophthora cactorum by phospholipids. J. Gen. Microbiol. 131:2591-2594.

105. Ann, P. J., and W. H. Ko. 1985. Variants of Phytophthora cinnamomi extend the known limits of the species. Mycologia 77:946-950.

106. Ko, W. H., C. J. Lee, and H. J. Su. 1986. Chemical regulation of mating type in Phytophthora parasitica. Mycologia 78:134-136.

107. Kao, C. W., and W. H. Ko. 1986. Suppression of Pythium splendens in a Hawaiian soil by calcium and microorganisms. Phytopathology 76:215-220.

108. Kao, C. W., and W. H. Ko. 1986. The role of calcium and microorganisms in suppression of cucumber damping-off caused by Pythium splendens in a Hawaiian soil. Phytopathology 76:221-225.

109. Su, H. J., S. C. Hwang, and W. H. Ko. 1986. Fusarial wilt of Cavendish bananas in Taiwan. Plant Dis. 70:814-818. (Feature Article)

110. Ko, W. H., and R. K. Kunimoto. 1986. A rapid method for screening macadamia seedlings for resistance to Kretzschmaria clavus. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 52:336-337.

111. Ko, W. H., J. Tomita, and R. L. Short. 1986. Two natural hoists of Kretzschmaria clavus in Hawaiian forests. Plant Pathol. 35:254-255.

112. Ann, P. J., C. W. Kao, and W. H. Ko. 1986. Mating-type distribution of Phytophthora colocasiae in Taiwan. Mycopathologia 93:193-194.

113. Ho, W. C., and W. H. Ko. 1986. Microbiostasis by nutrient deficiency shown in natural and synthetic soils. J. Gen. Microbiol. 132:2807-2815.

114. Ko, W. H. 1986. Sexual reproduction of Pythium aphanidermatum: stimulation by phospholipids. Phytopathology 76:1159-1160.

115. Powell, C. R., and W. H. Ko. 1986. Screening for antagonistic plants for control of Phytophthora palmivora in soil. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 52:817-824.

116. Hwang, S. C., and W. H. Ko. 1986. Somaclonal variation in vitro of banana and its application to screening for resistance to fusarial wilt. Internat. Symp. Hort. Breeding 16:1-13.

117. Hwang, S. J., and W. H. Ko. 1987. Somachlonal veriation of bananas and screening for resistance to Fusarium wilt. Pages 151-156, in: G. J. Persley and E. A. Delanghee, eds. Banana and Plantain Breeding Strategies. ACIR, Canberra, Australia.

118. Chen, J. S., F. M. Thseng, and W. H. Ko. 1987. Twig die-back of tea caused by Macrophoma theicola in Taiwan. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 53:198-202.

119. Ann, P. J., and W. H. Ko. 1988. Hormonal heterthallism in Phytophthora parasitica: a novel mode of sexual reproduction? J. Gen. Microbiol. 134:2895-2992.

120. Ann, P. J., and W. H. Ko. 1988. Induction of oospore germination of Phytophthora parasitica. Phytopathology 78:335-338.

121. Ko, W. H. 1988. Hormonal heterothallism and homothallism in Phytophthora. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 26:57-73.

122. Su, C. Y., S. S. Tzean, and W. H. Ko. 1988. Beauveria bassiana as the lethal factor in a Taiwanese soil pernicious to potato weevil, Cylas formicarius. J. Invert. Pathol. 52:195-197.

123. Chuang, T. Y., and W. H. Ko. 1988. Rhizoctonia solani-suppressive soils: detection by chlamydospore germination. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 54:158-163.

124. Ho, W. C., L. L. Chern, and W. H. Ko. 1988. Pseudomonas solanacearum-suppressive soils in Taiwan. Soil Biol. Biochem. 20:489-492.

125. Huang, J. W., S. K. Sun, and W. H. Ko. 1988. Characteristics of inhibition of a Taiwanese soil suppressive to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani. J. Phytopathol.123:165-173.


126. Ann, P. J. and W. H. Ko. 1988. Root rot of macadamia caused by Ganoderma lucidum and Kretzschmaria clavus in Taiwan. J. Agric. Res. China 37:424-429.

127. Hwang, S. C., and W. H. Ko. 1988. Mutants of Cavendish banana resistant to race 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Plant Prot. Bull. 30:386-392.

128. Chern, L. L., and W. H. Ko. 1989. Characteristics of inhibition of suppressive soil created by monoculture with radish in the presence of Rhizoctonia solani. J. Phytopathol. 126:237-245.

129. Ann, P. J., and W. H. Ko. 1989. Effect of cholroneb and ethazol on mating type of Phytophthora parasitica and P. cinnamomi. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sinica 30:207-210.

130. Ko, W. J., and C. W. Kao. 1989. Evidence for the role of Calcium in reducing root disease incited by Pythium spp. Pages 205-217, Soilborne Plant Pathogens: Management of Diseases with Macor-and Microelements, A. W. Engelhard, ed. APS Press.

131. Hwang, S. C., and W. H. Ko. 1989. Improvement of fruit quality of Cavendish banana mutants resistant to race 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Plant Prot. Bull. 31:131-138.

132. Ko, W. H., and S. S. Shiroma. 1989. Distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi-suppressive soil in nature. J. Phytopathol. 127:75-80.

133. Ann, P. J., and W. H. Ko. 1989. Survey of enzyme activity on solid media in Phytophthora. Can. J. Bot. 68:139-143.

134. Chen, J. S., F. M. Thseng, and W. H. Ko. 1990. Improvement of survival and subsequent growth of tea cutting. HortScience 25:305-306.

135. Hwang, S. C., and W. H. Ko. 1990. Tissue culture plantlets as a source of resistance to fusarial wilt of Cavendish banana. Pages 345-353, in: D. Hornby, ed. Biological Control of Soil-Borne Plant Pathogens. C. A. B. International, Wallingford, Oxon.

136. Ann. P. J., R. Kunimoto, and W. H. Ko. 1990. Phytophthora wilt of carnation in Taiwan and Hawaii. Plant Port. Bull. 32:145-157.

137. Chang, T. T, and W. H. Ko. 1990. Effect of metalaxyl on mating type of Phytophthora infestans and P. parasitica. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 56:194-198.

138. Ann. P. J., and W. H. Ko. 1990. Growth rate and colony morphology of progenies of zoospores and selfed oospores of Phytophthora parasitica. Mycologia 82:693-697.

139. Chang, T. T., and W. H. Ko. 1990. Resistance to fungicides and antibiotics in Phytophthora parasitica: genetic nature and use in hybrid determination. Phytopathology 80:1414-1421.

140. Hwang, S. C., and W. H. Ko. 1990. Selection of improved Cavendish banana mutants resistant to race 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Acta Hort. 275:417-423.

141. Guo, L. Y., and W. H. Ko. 1991. Hormonal regulation of sexual reproduction and mating type change in heterothallic Pythium splendens. Mycol. Res. 95:452-456.

142. Chang. T. T., and W. H. Ko. 1991. Factors affecting germination of oospores of Phytophthora infestans. J. Phytopathol. 133:29-35.

143. Ko, W. H., S. C. Hwang and F. M. Ku. 1991. A new technique for storage of meristem-tip cultures of “Cavendish” banana. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Cultur 25:179-183.

144. Ko, W. H., and R. K. Kunimoto. 1991. Quick decline of macademia trees: association with Nectria rugulosa. Plant Prot. Bull. 33:204-209.

145. Chang, T. T., and W. H. Ko. 1991. Inheritance of isozyme production and sexual reproduction in Phytophthora infestans. Can J. Bot. 70:634-638.

146. Ko. W. H., and R. K. Kunimoto. 1991. Quick decline of macademia trees: association with Xylaria arbuscula. Plant Pathol. 40:643-644.

147. Chang, T. T., and Ko, W. H. 1992. Variation in growth rate and colony morphology of Phytophthora parasitica induced by metalaxyl. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn.58:72-77.

148. Ko, W. H. 1992. Biological control of plant pathogens in the tropics. Pages 31-35, in: Biological Control: Issues in the Tropics. P. A. C. Ooi, G. S. Lim and P. S. Teng, eds. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

149. Ann, P. J., and W. H. Ko. 1992. Survey of antibiotic resistance and dependence in Phytophthora. Mycologia 84:82-86.

150. Ann, P. J., and W. H. Ko. 1992. Decline of longan trees: association with borwn root rot caused by Phellinus noxius. Plant Pathol. Bull. 1:19-25.

151. Zhou, X. G., Z. Y. Zhu, C. P. Lu, S. J. Wang, and W. H. Ko. 1992. Phytophthora cinnamomi in Shanghai and its possible origin. Mycopathologia 120:29-32.

152. Chang, T. T., X. Y. Yang, and W. H. Ko. 1992. A sensitive method for detecting production of extracellular enzymes by fungi. Mycologia 84:923-926.

153. Lim, T. K., G. F. Chung, and W. H. Ko. 1992. Basal stem rot of oil palm caused by Ganoderma boninense. Plant Pathol. Bull. 1:147-152.

154. Ko, W. H. 1992. Phytophthora root rot of papaya. Pages 300-309. In plant Diseases of International Importance. Vol. III Disease of Fruit Crops. H.S. Chaube, U.S. Singh and A. N. Nukhopadhyay, eds. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N. J.

155. Chang, T.T., and W. H. Ko. 1993. Evidence of absence of hybridization in crosses between Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora parasitica. Mycol. Res.97:675-678.

156. Yu. W. Q., and W. H. Ko. 1993. Simple method for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative studies of fungal behavior in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 25:699-703.

157. Guo, L. Y., and W. H. Ko. 1993. Two widely accessible media for growth and reproduction of Phytophthora and Pythium species. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 59:2323-2325

158. Guo, L. Y., and W. H. Ko. 1993. Distribution of mating types and the nature of survival of Pythium splendens in soil. Soil. Biol. Biochem. 25:839-842.

159. Ko, W. H., S. C. Hwang, and F. M. Ku. 1993. Storage of tissue cultures of banana. Pages 189-200. In R. V. Valmayor, S. C. Hwang, R. Plotz, S. W. Lee and V. M. Roa, eds., Proc. Internat. Symp. Rec. Develop. Banana Cult. Technol., Pingtung, Taiwan.

160. Hwang, S.C., W. H. Ko. And C. P. Chao. 1993. GCTCV-215-1: A promising Cavendish clone resistant to race 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Pages 62-74. R. V. Valmayor, S. H. Hwang, R. Plotz, S. C. Lee and V. N. Roa, eds., Proc. Internat. Symp. Rec. Develop. Banana Cult. Technol., Pingtung, Taiwan.

161. Chern, L. L., and W. H. Ko. 1993. Effect of light on hormonal regulation of sexual reproduction in Phytophthora parasitica. Can. J. Bot. 71:1672-1647.


162. Zhang, K. M., F. C, Zhang, Y. D. Li, P. J. Ann and W. H. Ko. 1994. Isolates of Phytophthora colocasiae from Hainan Island in China: evidence suggesting an Asian origin of this species. Mycologia 86:108-112.

163. Chern, L. L., and W. H. Ko. 1994. Effect of high temperature on physiological processes leading to sexual reproduction in Phytophthora parasitica. Mycologia 86:416-420.

164. Guo, L. Y., and W. H. Ko. 1994. Survey of root rot of anthurium. Plant. Pathol. Bull. 3:18-23.

165. Guo, L. Y., and W. H. Ko. 1994. Factors affecting oospore germination of heterothallic Pythium splendens. Mycologia 86:777-780.

166. Ko, W. H., and R. K. Kunomoto. 1994. Quick decline of macadamia tress: association with Phytophthora capsici. J. Phytopathol. 141:386-389.

167. Guo, L. Y., and W. H. Ko. 1994. Growth rate and antibiotic sensitivities of conidium and selfed-oospore progenies of heterothallic Pythium splendens. Can. J. Bot. 72:1709-1712.

168. Ann P. J., and W. H. Ko. 1994. An asexual variant of Phytophthora insolita. Can J. Microbiol. 40:810-815.

169. Ko, W. H. 1994. An alternative possible origin of A2 mating type of Phytophthora infestans outside Mexico. Phytopathology 84:1224-1227.

170. Shim, J. O., M. Q. Yu, and W. H. Ko. 1994. Agarose medium for germination of oospores of Phytophthora cactorum. J. Phytopathol. 143:223-225.

171. Guo, L. Y. and W. H. Ko. 1995. Continuing variation in successive asexual generations of Pythium splendens following sexual reproduction. Mycol. Res. 99:1339-1334.

172. Zheng, X. B. and W. H. Ko. 1996. Continuing variation in successive asexual generations of Phytophthora cinnamomi following sexual reproduction. Can. J. Bot. 74:1181-1185.

173. Guo, L. Y. and W. H. Ko. 1996. Nature of enhanced severity of anthurium root rot by diuron treatment for weed control. J. Phytopathol. 144:7-11.

174. Ko, W. H., and R. K. Kunimoto. 1996. Quick decline of macadamia tress: association with Phellinus gilvus. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 62:37-39.

175. Guo, L. Y., and W. H. Ko. 1996. Mating type change in Pythium splendens induced by selfing. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 62:1-3.

176. Chern, L. L., W. H. Ko and C. S. Tang. 1996. Factors affecting yields of hormones of Phytophthora parasitica obtained by adsorption. Can. J. Microbiol. 42:172-176.

177. Yu, M. Q., and W. H. Ko. 1996. Mating type segregation in Choanephora cucurbitarum following sexual reproduction. Can. J. Bot. 74:919-93.

178. Sun, P. M. H., S. C. Hwang, and W. H. Ko. 1996. GCTCV-105, A new Cavendish somaclone highly resistant to Fusarium wilt with commercial potential. Plant Prot. Bull.38:27-37.

179. Kunimoto, R. K., B. C. Bushe, and W. H. Ko. 1996. Blossom blight of kalanchoe caused by Botrytis cinerea. Plant Pathol. Bull. 5:107-111.

180. Gu, Y. H., and W. H. Ko. 1997. Water agarose medium for studying factors affecting germination of conidia of Ampelomyces quisqualis. Mycol. Res. 101:422-424. 181. Ho, W. C., and W. H. Ko. 1997. A simple method for obtaining single-spore isolates of fungi. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sinica 38:41-44.

182. Jee, H. J., C. S. Tang, and W. H. Ko. 1997. Stimulation of sexual reproduction in Phytophthora cactorum by phospholipids is not due to sterol contamination Microbiology 143:1631-1638.

183. Jee, H. J., and W. H. Ko. 1997. Stimulation of sexual reproduction of Phytophthora cactorum and P. parasitica by fatty acids and related compounds. Mycol. Res. 101:1140-1141.

184. Zhou, Y. C., X. B. Zheng, J. Y. Lu, and W. H. Ko. 1997. Sexuality type change from self-induction to cross-induction in Phytophthora boehmeriae. Mycol. Res. 101:1047-1050.

185. Zheng, X. B., and W. H. Ko. 1997. Continuing variation in colony morphology and fungicide sensitivity in Phytophthora cinnamomi following exposure to chloroneb. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 38:177-182.

186. Ko, W. H., S. P. Chen, C. P. Chao, and S. C. Hwang. 1997. Etiology and control of heart rot of banana tissue culture plantlets. Plant Pathol. Bull. 6:31-36.

187. Yu, M. Q., and W. H. Ko. 1997. Factors affecting germination and the mode of germination of zygospores of Choanephora cucurbitarum. Phytopathology 145:357-361.

188. Ko, W. H. 1998. Chemical stimulation of sexual reproduction in Phytophthora and Pythium. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 39:81-86.

189. Jee, H. J. and Ko, W. H. 1998. Phytophthora cactorum can synthesize substances needed for sexual reproduction but requires a stress factor to trigger the process. Microbiology 144:1071-1075.

190. Wu, R. Y. and Ko, W. H. 1998. A simple method for preservation of serological activity of banana bunchy top virus in diseased tissue. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 64:34-37.

191. Xu, X. L. and Ko, W. H. 1998. A quantitative confined inoculation method for studies of pathogenicity of fungi on plants. Bot. Bull.Acad. Sin. 39:187-190.

192. Gu, Y. H., and Ko, W. H. 1998. Occurrence of parasexual cycle following transfer of isolated nuclei into protoplasts of Phytophthora parasitica. Curr. Genet. 143:120-123.

193. Lee, I. M., and Ko, W. H. 1998. Phytoplasmas are not associated with quick decine of macadamia trees in Hawaii. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 39:251-254.

194. Gao, Z. M., Zheng, X. B., Lu, J. Y., and Ko, W. H. 1998. Effect of cultural media on antheridial configuration in Phytophthora boehmeriae. Can. J. Bot. 76:2077-2179.

195. Ko, W. H., and Kunimoto, R. K. 1999. Acremonium recifei: a new causal agent of macadamia quick decline. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 21:42-44.

196. Chern, L. L., Tang, C. S., and Ko, W. H. 1999. Chemical characterization of α hormones of Phytophthora parasitica. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 40:79-85.


197. Yu, M. Q., and Ko, W. H. 1999. Azygospore formation following protoplast fusion in Choanephora cucurbitarum. Mycol. Res. 103:684-688.

198. Ho, W. H., and Ko, W. H. 1999. Temporal distribution of mating types and cultural variation of Phytophthora infestans at the Volcano district on the island of Hawaii. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 65:286-292.

199. Yu, M. Q., and Ko, W. H. 1999. The inheritance of mating type and growth rate in Choanephora cucurbitarum. Can. J. Bot. 77:1178-1184.

200. Gu, Y. H., and Ko, W. H. 2000. Occurrence of parasexual cycle in Phytophthora parasitica following protoplast fusion. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 41:225-230.

201. Gu, Y. H., and Ko, W. H. 2000. Segregation following interspecific transfer of isolated nuclei between Phytophthora parasitica and P. capsici. Can. J. Microbiol. 46:410-416.

202. Gu, Y. H., and Ko, W. H. 2000. Transplantation and subsequent behavior of mitochondria in cells of Phytophthora. Can. J. Microbiol. 46:992-997.

203. Gu, Y. H., and W. H. Ko. 2001. Creation of hybrid vigor through nuclear transplantation in Phytophthora. Can. J. Microbiol. 47:662-666.

204. You, C. P., Zheng, X. B., and Ko, W. H. 2001. Variation resulting from selfing and outcrossing in Phytophthora cactorum. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 64:169-174.

205. Ko, W. H., and Ko, S. S. 2001. A new twig blight of mamaki (Pipturus albidus) caused by Botryosphaeria ribis. Can J. Plant Pathol. 23:312-314.

206. Ko, S. S., Kunimoto, R. K., and Ko, W. H. 2001. A simple technique for purifying fungal cultures contaminated with bacteria and mites. J. Phytopathol. 149:509-510.

207. Jee, H. J., Tang, C. S., and Ko, W. H. 2002. Characterization of phytochemicals stimulatory to sexual reproduction in Phytophthora cactorum and P. parasitica. Bot Bull. Acad. Sin. 42:203-210.

208. Ann, P. J., Chang, T. T., and Ko, W. H. 2002. Phellinus noxius brown root rot of fruit and ornamental tress in Taiwan. Plant Dis. 86:820-826. (Feature article)

209. Ko, W. H., Wang, S. T., Hsieh, T. F., and Ann, P. J. 2003. Effect of sunflower oil on tomato powdery mildew caused by Oidium neolycopersici. J. Phytopathol. 151:144-148.

210. Ko, W. H. 2003. Long-term storage and survival of three species of Phytophthora in water. J. Gen. Plant. Pathol. 69:186-188.

211. Ko, W. H. 2003. Germination of fern spores in natural soils. Am. Fern J. 93:70-75.

212. Wu, H., X. B. Zheng, and W. H. Ko. 2003. Effect of culture origin on chemical stimulation of sexual reproduction in Phytophthora and Pythium. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 44:323-328.

213. Ann, P. J., W. H. Ko, and H. J. Su. 2003. Interaction between likubin bacterium and Phytophthora parasitica in citrus hosts. Europ. J. Plant Pathol. 110:1-6.

214. Ko, W. H., S. Y. Wang, and P. J. Ann. 2003. Pythium sukuiense, a new species from undisturded natural forest in Taiwan. Mycologia 96:647-649.

215. Hwang, S. C. and W. H. Ko. 2004. Cavendish banana cultivars resistant to fusarium wilt acquired somaclonal variation in Taiwan. Plant Dis. 88:580-588. (Feature Article)

216. Zhang, Z. G., Y. Y. Zhang, X. B. Zheng, Y. W. Yang and W. H. Ko. 2004. Molecular distinctions between Phytophthora capsici and P. tropicalis based on ITS sequences of ribosomal DNA. J. Phytopathol. 152:358-364.

217. Thseng, F. M., J. S. Chen and W. H. Ko. 2004. The relation between branch canker and twig dieback of tea caused by Macrophoma theicola. J. Phytophthol. 152:423-426.

218. Ko. W. H., I. T. Wang and P. J. Ann. 2004. Lasidiplodia theobromae as a causal agent of kumquat dieback in Taiwan. Plant Dis. 88:1383.

219. Ko. W. H., S. S. Ko and M. Chen. 2005. Origin and control of fern weeds in orchid production in greenhouses in Hawaii. Crop Prot. 24:487-490.

220. Wu, D. C., J. Z. Yu, B. H. Chen, C. Y. Lin and W. H. Ko. 2005. Inhibition of egg hatching with apple wax solvent as a novel method for controlling golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata). Crop Prot. 24:483-486.

221. Ko, W. H., I. T. Wang and P. J. Ann. 2005. A simple method for the detection of lipolytic microorganisms in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37:597-599.


222. Wang, W. M., R. Y. Wu and W. H. Ko. 2005. Variation and segregation following nuclear transplantation in Antrodia cinnamomea. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 46:217-222.

223. Hsieh, T. F., J. H. Huang, L. J. Hsieh, M. F. Hu, and W. H. Ko. 2005. Antifungal effect of plant extracts on phytopathogenic fungi. Plant Pathol. Bull. 14:59-66.

224. Gu, Y. H. and W. H. Ko. 2005. Evidence for mitochondrial gene control of mating types in Phytophthora. Can. J. Microbiol. 51:934-940.

225. Ann, P. J., J. H. Huang, I. T. Wang and W. H. Ko. 2006. Pythiogeton zizaniae, a new species associated with basal stalk rot of water bamboo in Taiwan. Mycologia 98: 116-120.

226. Chu, Y. L., W. C. Ho and W. H. Ko. 2006. Effect of Chinese herb extracts on spore germination of Oidium murrayae and nature of inhibitory substance from Chinese rhubarb. Plant Dis. 90: 858-861.

227. Ko, W. H., S. Y. Wang and P. J. Ann. 2006. The possible origin and relation of Phytophthora katsurae and P. heveae discovered in a protected natural forest in Taiwan. Bot. Stud. 47:273-277..

228. Ho, W. C., H. J. Su, J. W. Li, and W. H. Ko. 2006. Effect of extracts of Chinese medicinal herbs on spore germination of Alternaria brassicicola, and nature of an inhibitory substance form gallnuts of Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis). Can. J. Plant Pathol. 28: 519-525.

229. Zhang, Z. G., X. B. Zheng, Y. C. Wang and W. H. Ko. 2007. Evaluation of the rearrangement of taxonomic position of Peronophythora litchii based on partial DNA sequences. Bot. Stud. 48:79-89.

230. Ho, W. C., T. Y. Wu, H. J. Su, and Ko, W. H. 2007. Effect of ethnological medicinal plant extracts on spore germination of Alternaria brassicicola and nature of inhibitory substances from speedweed. Plant Dis. 91:1621-1624.

231. Ko, W. H. 2007. Hormonal regulation of sexual reproduction in Phytophthora. Bot. Stud. 48:365-375.